EU referendum: what time will we have a result? Plus Q&A and everything else you need to know

It's been 41 years since the British people last had a choice about the country's membership of the EU, but when polls close on Thursday at 10pm, it will be a few hours more before they find out exactly what they've decided.

At last year’s general election, the moment David Dimbleby appeared on TV screens, attention turned to an exit poll that turned expectations of a knife-edge result on their head and predicted a clear Tory victory.

This time however, there will be plenty of punditry at bedtime but no firm clues as to the result.

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Unlike in national elections, broadcasters will not conduct exit polls because the margin of error for such an unprecedented event is too large.

YouGov will publish a poll for pundits to chew over based on responses from a pre-selected group of people shortly after polling stations close.

So when should you set your alarm for to know what the result is? Votes are being counted broadly along local authority boundaries, with 382 separate counts across the UK and 32 in Scotland. Once those local results are reported, they will feed into 12 regional and national announcements.

A flurry of local declarations is expected between 2am and 5am, but while that may offer some of the drama of a general election, it won’t necessarily make the final result immediately clear. In a referendum, every vote has the same value, regardless of where it cast. However, there will be a few key indicators to look out for.

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“Scotland and London are expected to vote to remain, come what may,” says John Curtice, the president of the British Polling Council. “If Scotland is close to 50/50, you can go to bed because we’re out of the EU. The same is true of London.”

In the rest of England, the key areas for Remain are large urban centres, but also smaller cities with large populations of students and graduates. Leave will be looking closely at results from areas with older populations and lower levels of educational attainment, particularly in coastal east and south-east England.

“To be honest, you don’t have to know much more than where Ukip has done well. If they vote to remain, it’s all over,” says Curtice. Boston, where a result is expected at 3am, will be top of that list.

Broadcasters have crunched numbers from a huge amount of survey data to create models of how each area would be expected to vote if the national result was a dead heat. As local tallies come in, there should be an indication of “which way the wind is blowing,” according to Curtice.

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But, he warns, there are many parts of the country “where you would expect the result to be close to 50/50”, so it will be calculators at the ready since the only real indicator will be the total vote number of votes for Leave and Remain.

What that means is that depending on how close the result is, David Cameron is expected to make a statement on the steps of Downing Street in time for the breakfast news bulletins. What he will say is, until tomorrow morning, anyone’s guess.

TIMELINE

7am: Polls open.

10pm Polls close.

1am (estimate) - National turnout figure revealed.

2-3am (estimate) - Individual districts began to announce their results.

4am (estimate) - If there is a clear gap between Leave and Remain it is about now that voting experts will begin to forecast the winner.

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5-6am (estimate) - Regional results expected to be announced, closely followed by the national result.

REFERENDUM Q&A

Everything you need to know about polling day and its immediate aftermath.

• What happens when everyone has cast their votes?

When the polls close, counting will begin across the UK. The country has been divided into 382 voting areas, each of which will declare its own result. The overall result for the whole of the UK will be announced only when all 382 areas have declared.

• If the UK leaves the EU, will UK citizens need special permits to work in the EU?

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If the government imposes work permit restrictions, as UKIP wants, then other countries could reciprocate, meaning Britons would have to apply for visas to work.

• Would leaving the EU mean we wouldn’t have to abide by the European Court of Human Rights?

The EU is wholly separate from the European Convention of Human Rights, which does, on rare occasions, assert that convicted criminals have – for example – the right to family life, and so can stay in the UK.

• How much does the UK contribute to the EU and how much do we get in return?

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The net cost of membership per week is £120m - not £350m, as emblazoned on the side of the Vote Leave battle bus. Still not a figure to be sniffed at, but a sum many believe access to the single market more than compensates for.

• Could we have free trade with the EU without freedom of movement?

Access to the single market cannot be achieved without hosting any Pole, Italian or Spaniard who wants to pitch up in your country. Norway – not part of the EU – has had to accept as much. So too Switzerland. The single market, with its total lack of cross-border tariffs, represents the epitome of free trade. Despite its pleasant-sounding name, a “free trade agreement” would be no more than a knock-off version of this, likely to involve restrictions on Britain’s financial services industry, at the least.